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Curran, Peggy. 1989. Hydro blames sun for power failure. The Montreal Gazette. March 14, 1989 p.1.

------ 1989. Hydro execs start post-mortem on huge blackout. The Montreal Gazette. March 15, 1989 A3.

Fairbanks Daily News Staff. 1989. Solar flare possibly the biggest ever recorded. The Fairbanks Daily News, March 12, 1989 p. E10.

------ 1989. Solar storm sets night skies afire. The Fairbanks Daily News. March 14, 1989 p.3.

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------ 1989. Hydros export clients lend a hand with power. The Montreal Gazette. March 14, 1989 A3.

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-------1940. US hit by magnetic storm: Wires, cable, radio crippled for hours. The Boston Globe March 25, 1940. P. 1.

------ 1946. Aurora borealis flash startles hub area. Boston Globe, July 27, 1946 p.1

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------ 1921. Sunspots and Earth storms. London Times, May 19, 1921 p.7. (May 1921 Great Aurora)

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------ 1903. Made the wires deadly. New York Times. November 1, 1903. p. 6.

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------ 1937. Magnetic storm worst in century. The New York Times April 29, 1937, p. 23.

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------ 1938. Aurora borealis startles Europe: People flee in fear, call firemen. The New York Times, January 26, 1938, p. 25.

----- 1940. Sunspot tornado disrupts cables, phones and telegraphs for hours: Electrical disturbance plays havoc with the short-wave, 1,000,000 Easter messages, and police and press teletypes. The New York Times, March 25, 1940 p. 1.

------ 1941. Northern lights soon: Unexpected sunspots may cause magnetic storms. The New York Times. September 18, 1941 p. 1.

------ 1941. Aurora borealis gives city a show as sun spots disorganize radio. The New York Times. September 19, 1941 p. 25.

------ 1941. Sunspots add some radio spice", The New York Times. September 20, 1941 p.41.

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------ 1994. Communication satellite breakdown. The Toronto Star. January 21, 1994 p. C1.

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------ 1998. Panamsat faces financial hit on Galaxy IV due to limited insurance. Satellite News. May 25, 1998 p.1.

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Jayaraman, K. 1999. Sensor failure hurts India's weather effort. Space News. November 29, 1999. [Insat]

Joselyn, Jo Ann, et al., "Panel Achieves Consensus Prediction of Solar Cycle 23. EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, May 20, 1997. (http://www.sel.noaa.gov/info/Cycle23.html.)

Kovalick, Tami 1999. The Coordinated Data Analysis web (CDAWEB) data archive interface. (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cdaweb/istp_public/).

McCaffery, Richard. 1997. TEMPO 2 Investigation Delays PAS-6 Launch. Space News. May 5, 1997. [Tempo 2]

------ 1998. Loral Reveals Limits of High-Power Satellites. Space News. March 9, 1998. [Tempo 2]

Montgomery, Monty. 1998. Aurora in northeastern Wisconsin. (photograph). Astronomy, March 1998, p. 124.

Morgan, Tom. 1999. Janes Space Directory 1998-1999. Great Britian:Butler and Tanner LTD. [Insat]

NOAA Space Environment Services. 1998. Solar Proton Events list, 1976 to May 1998. (http://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/SEP/seps.html.)

NOAA National Geophysical Data Center. 1999. Geomagnetic Indices.. (ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/GEOMAGNETIC_DATA/INDICES/KP_AP/)

NOAA National Geophysical Data Center. 1999. Solar Proton Events list, 1990 to June 1999. (ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/SOLAR_DATA/SAT_ENVIRONMENT/PARTICLES/p_events.html)

Reuters Limited. 1997. Satellite failure hits Indian communications. October 5, 1997 (cnn.com/TECH/9710/05/india.satellite.reut/index.com) [Insat]

Schenk, K. 1999. Coronal Mass Ejections list from SOHO/LASCO, January 1996 to December 1999. ( http://lasco-www.nrl.navy.mil/cmelist.html)

Seattle Times Staff. 1997. Solar storm sends particle wave toward Earth - Satellite detects eruption on sun; Spacecraft, power grids should be safe. The Seattle Times. April 9, 1997 p.1.

Silverstein, Sam. 1998. Iridium spares dwindle as start date nears. Space News, May 18, 1998.

----- 1998. More satellite failures threaten introduction of Iridium service. Space News. July 27, 1998.

------ 1998. Staiano expects slew of on-orbit failures. Space News. September 14, 1998.

------ 1998. Reasons for failure lost with Galaxy IV. Space News. August 17, 1998.

------ 1998. Familiar problem leaves Galaxy 7 with no backup. Space News. June 29, 1998.

------ 1998. String of HS-601 failures puts Hughes on hot seat. Space News. July 13, 1998.

Smith, Bruce. 1998. Motorola begins to work on Teledesic design requirements. Aviation Week and Space Technology. June 1, 1998, p. 25

------ 1998. Additional Iridium failures drop stock. International Space Industries Report, August 3, 1998.

------ 1998. Hughes hit hard by satellite failures. International Space Industry Report, July 20, 1998.

Steinle, Helmut. 1999. Max Planck Institute press release on Equator-S outage. May 1, 1998. (http://www.mpe-garching.mpg.de/www_plas/EQS/eq-s-news.html).

Wald, Mathew. 1997. Storm on sun viewed by spacecraft a million miles from earth. New York Times. April 10, 1997 A22.

Yee, Andrew. 1998. USGS Reports geomagnetic storm in progress. April 26, 1998 storm report. http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/scripts/Guarda/USDG_on_ms-8-26-98.html

ABC News, Reuters News Service. 1999. The Sun's loaded gun:S-Shapes on surface foretell massive solar blasts. March 10, 1999, http://solar.physics.montana.edu/press/ABC/solarblasts990310.html

Bacon, John. 1999. Radiation Alert. USA Today. December 10, 1999, p. 3A.

Chandler, David. 1999. Scientists read sun signs for danger. The Boston Globe, March 10, 1999, p. A8.

Dooling, Dave. 1999. Finding the smoking gun before it fires. Space News Service. March 9, 1999. http://solar.physics.montana.edu/press/MSFC/spot_ast.htm

Eisle, Anne. 1997. Soho data may enhance solar storm prediction. Space News. September 1, 1997 p. 6.

Ferster, Warren. 1997. Space weather monitoring faces funding woes. Space News. June 30, 1997.

Joselyn, JoAnn. 1995. Geomagnetic activity forecasting:The state of the art. Reviews of Geophysics. 33:383.

Kluger, Jeffrey. 1999. Forecasting solar storms. Time. March 1999 p.88.

Maynard, Nelson. 1995. The National Space Weather Program. (http://earth.agu.org/revgeophys/maynar01/node1.html)

Morgan, Tom. 1998. Janes Space Directory: 1998-1999. Great Britian:Tanner LTD.

NASA Facts. 1996. Our Sun: A look under the hood. (spacescience.nasa.gov/pubs/oursun.htm).Nicastro, Anthony. 1981. Flare stars. Astronomy. June,1981. P. 67.

Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meterology. 1999. National Space Weather Program. (www.ofcm.gov/homepage/text/pubs_linx/htm)

Poppe, Barbara. 1999. NOAA Space Weather Scales. December 2, 1999, (www.sec.noaa.gov/NOAAscales/index.html).

Savage, Don. 1997. Solar mystery nears solution with data from SOHO spacecraft. NASA Press Release, November 5, 1997. No. 97-256.

Sawyer, Kathy. 1999. Scientists find way to predict solar storms. The Washington Post, March 10, 1999 p. A2.

Schilling, Govert. 1999. Superflares from giant planets. Science. 283:319.

van der Vink, G. 1998. Why the United States is becoming more vulnerable to natural disasters. EOS Transactions. November 3, 1998.

Zirin, Harold and William Marquette. 1991. BearAlert: A successful flare prediction system. Solar Physics. 131:149 and also http://www.bbso.njit.edu/BearAlert/bearalert_paper.html

Borenstein, Seth. 1998. Space-weather El Nino has astronomers worried. Seattle Times. April 1, 1998.

de Selding, Peter. 1997. Insurers battle with satellite makers over quality control. Space News. April 28, 1997.

------ 1997. Insurers warn against false expectations: New underwriters unaware of risks, say other underwriters. Space News. March 3, 1997.

------ 1999. Iridium satellites please Motorola, despite losses. Space News. April 5, 1999.

------ 1999. Vague satellite policies increase insurance claims. Space News. April 12, 1999.

------ 1999. Insurers plan to raise premiums: Underwriters feel pressure of mounting satellite claims. Space News. May 15, 1999.

------ 1999. Wary investors avoiding satellite deals: Bankers vow to look at future plans skeptically. Space News. September 13, 1999.

------ 1999. Solution to satellite defect still eludes Matra. Space News. September 20, 1999.

------ 1999. ICO plans to cut costs, delay service: U.S. bankruptcy court oversees company's financial rehabilitation. Space News. October 25, 1999.

------ 1999. Globalstar phone makers remain cautious. Space News. October 25, 1999.

------1999. Immarsat approves internet satelites: Board wants system in orbit by 2004. Space News. December 13, 1999.

de Selding, Peter, and Sam Silverstein. 1999. Electronics advances boost small satellite capabilities. Space News. August 9, 1999.

Ebert, Bruce. 1999. Satellite communications: Instant infrastructure for the new millennium. World Trade, May 1999, p. 34.

Eisle, Anne. 1997. NASA urged to pursue study of radiation effects. Space News. January 6, 1997.

Ferster, Warren. 1997. Space weather monitoring faces funding woes. Space News. June 30, 1997.

Ferster, Warren. 1998. NASA hunts for satellites to carry science payloads. Space News. April 6, 1998.

Ferster, Warren. 1999. More in-orbit spares planned: Recent failures spur steps to guarantee service. Space News. June 28, 1999.

Jackson, Bernard and Paul Hicks. 1996. A CAT scan of the solar wind. (http://www.sdsc.edu/GatherScatter/Gsfall96/jackson.html)

Kallender, Paul. 1999. Japan developing satellite to warn of solar flares. Space News. May 3, 1999.

Kallender, Paul and Sam Silverstein. 1999. Satellite failures spur power-amplifier developments. Space News. August 2, 1999.

Kappenman, John and William Radasky. 1999. Learning to live in a dangerous solar system: Advanced geomagnetic storm forecasting technologies allow electric power industry to manage storm impacts. Ohm Magazine (Submitted).

Karmin, Craig.1999. Tales of the tape:Telecom battle to control the sea beginning. Business Today. December 5, 1999.

Larner, David. Sun flips bits in chips. Electronics Times. November 10, 1997 p.1.

Lauriente, M. and J. Gaudet. 1994. Environmentally induced spacecraft anomalies. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. March-April, 1994. P. 153.

Loral, Space Systems. 1999. How we doubled satellite lifetimes in less than 8 years. Space News. February 22, 1999. P. 16.

McCaffery, Richard. 1998. Satellite makers use cheaper, faster approach: Off-the-shelf parts allow smaller firms to compete. Space News. February 16, 1998.

------ 1998. Globalstar, Iridium enjoy soaring market values. Space News. February 23, 1998.

Mills, Mike. 1998. Undersea cables carry growing rivers of data. The Washington Post. March 9, 1998,

Molinsky, Tom. 1999. Why Utilities FEAR GICs. XXVIth General Assembly, International University of Radio Science. August 1999. Paper E2.

National Academy of Science, 1998. Readiness for the upcoming solar maximum:Agency activities and related recommendations. (www.nas.edu/ssb/maxch4.htm)

Quidlen, Terrey. 1999. [It's] Official: Geostationary Satellites Will Disappear. Space News. July 5, 1999.

Reuters News Service. 1998. $1.5 billion trans-Atlantic fiber optic cable project planned. (www.techserver.com/newsroom/ntn/info/090298/info10_25345_noframes.html)

Pirjola, Risto. 1999. Study explores space weather risk to natural gas pipeline in finland", EOS Transactions. July 27, 1999.

Seitzen, Frank. 1998. Radiation belts affect satellites. December 9, 1998, SpaceDaily. ( spacer.com).

Silverstein, Sam and Peter de Selding. 1998. Insurers beleaguered by rash of failures in '98. Space News. August 31, 1998.

------1999. Iridium officials insist venture will survive. Space News. July 26, 1999.

----- 1999. Mororola gives Iridium deadline: New investor must be found by February 15, 2000. Space News. December 20, 1999.

Scott, William. 1997. Operators place high value on space weather forecasting. Aviation Week and Space Technology. September 1, 1997, p. 54.

Vampola, A. 1994. Analysis of environmentally induced spacecraft anomalies. Journal of Spacecraft and Rocketry. March-April, 1994. P. 154.

Van der Vink, G. 1998. Why the United States is becoming more vulnerable to natural disasters. EOS Transactions. November 3, 1998. P. 533.

Washington Post Staff. 1998. Cracking the fiber optic club. Washington Post. September 7, 1998, p. 20 (Business)

------ 1998. Digital flub: Bank computers take a hit. The Washington Post. September 7, 1998, p.5 (Business Section).

Walker, Matt. 1998. Flirting with disaster: The ever-shrinking microchip is increasingly vulnerable to an invisible enemy. New Scientist, November 7, 1998.